DOWNLOAD PDFs: Briefing (executive summary) and Full Paper.
Military & Conflict-Related Emissions & Climate Reparations for Palestine prepared by Tipping Point North South and the Palestinian Institute for Climate Strategy.
In this research the historic military and conflict-related emissions of the 77 years of Israel’s occupation of Palestinian land since its founding in 1948, culminating in the ongoing genocide of Palestinians for nearly two years is quantified. By applying the monetary measure ‘the social cost of carbon’, that is, the long-term social and environmental damage done by emitting one additional tonne of carbon, the paper calculates the climate reparation owed by Israel to the Palestinian people as a result of these historic military and conflict-related emissions.
KEY FINDINGS
To date, the total estimated amount of the military and conflict-related climate reparations owed by Israel and its allies to the Palestinian people since the Nakba is US$148 billion. Of this,
- Israel is responsible for US$103 billion.
- The U.S. is responsible for US$40.8 billion.
- Israel’s allies share further responsibility: Germany US$2.7 billion, France US$1 billion, the UK US$0.5 billion, and Italy US$0.17 billion.
These figures represent the measurable climate liability of military and conflict-related emissions. Yet, as this briefing makes clear, they capture only one entry point into the broader reparations reckoning for Palestine, which must also encompass the wider harms of occupation, genocide, ecocide and systemic destruction of Palestinian life. Many of these aspects are beyond what we can quantify in simplified carbon metrics, and we must not lose sight of this complexity in rebuilding just futures for Palestine. Continue reading










